Prunella vulgaris ssp. vulgaris

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

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Family:	Lamiaceae
Species:	Prunella vulgaris L.
Infraspecies:	Prunella vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris
Common Name:	Eurasian selfheal, Eurasian heal all
Habitat:	Lawns, fields, ditches, roadsides, stream banks, weedy successional forests, and thickets. Quite weedy and common. It often occurs in at least seasonally wet depressions. It can sometimes be found in native habitats very far from disturbed areas.
Associated Ecological Communities:	**
Growth Habit:	Forb/herb
Duration:	Perennial
Category:	Vascular
Plant Notes:	**
Taxonomic Notes:	Numerous early botanists recognized Prunella vulgaris as consisting of at least two taxa. One is considered to be native to North America (P. vulgaris var. lanceolata) and the other as native to Eurasia (P. v. var. vulgaris). Fernald (1913b) gives an overview of how these taxa have been treated in North America, provides a key to the varieties, and publishes the new combination P. v. var. lanceolata (W.P.C. Barton) Fernald. Fernald (1950) and Gleason and Cronquist (1991) follow this taxonomy while Mitchell (1986) and Mitchell and Tucker (1997) treat Prunella vulgaris as a non-native taxon without infraspecific taxa. A limited study from California (Nelson 1964) supports the distinction between the two taxa and also demonstrates support for a limited amount of introgression or hybridization at one California population. We follow Fernald in recognition of two taxa but a modern large scale study is still warranted. The North American native taxon (P. vulgaris var. lanceolata) has median cauline leaf blades lanceolate to oblong, 2-5 (avg. 3) times as long as wide, and cuneate at the base. The Eurasian P. vulgaris var. vulgaris has median cauline leaf blades ovate to ovate-oblong, 1.5-2.5 (avg. 2) times as long as wide, and rounded at the base (Fernald 1913b).
Status:	Not Native, Naturalized, FAC (NCNE), FACU (EMP), SNA (State Rank), G5 (Global Rank)
References:	**

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Supraordinal	Eudicots
Order	Lamiales
Family	Lamiaceae
Genus	Prunella
Species	Prunella vulgaris
Infraspecies	Prunella vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris - Eurasian selfheal, Eurasian heal all

Citation

Citation	Prunella vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris
Basionym:	**
Type:	**

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Year	Herbaria	Notes	Submission Info
Albany	1989	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Albany		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Allegany	1981	BUF – Herbarium # 85039 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Allegany		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Bronx		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Broome		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Cattaraugus		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Cattaraugus	1985	BUF – Herbarium # 52648 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Cattaraugus	1943	BUF – Herbarium # 85033 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Cayuga	2005	STERL Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Chautauqua	1991	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Chautauqua	1993	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Chautauqua	1976	BUF – Herbarium # 85057 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Chenango		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Clinton		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Columbia		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Delaware		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Dutchess	1989	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Dutchess		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Erie	1888	BUF – Herbarium # 61615 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1886	BUF – Herbarium # 61614 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1885	BUF – Herbarium # 61613 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1975	BUF – Herbarium # 85059 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1975	BUF – Herbarium # 85032 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1974	BUF – Herbarium # 85049 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1942	BUF – Herbarium # 85034 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1921	BUF – Herbarium # 85060 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1971	BUF – Herbarium # 83974 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1946	BUF – Herbarium # 85040 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1976	BUF – Herbarium # 85029 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1976	BUF – Herbarium # 85030 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1976	BUF – Herbarium # 85031 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1976	BUF – Herbarium # 85048 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1976	BUF – Herbarium # 85054 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Erie	1989	BUF – Herbarium # 68867 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1988	BUF – Herbarium # 85036 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1987	BUF – Herbarium # 85047 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie	1862	BUF – Herbarium # 26343 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Essex		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Franklin		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Fulton		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Genesee	1879	BUF – Herbarium # 61612 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Greene		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Greene	1989	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Hamilton		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Herkimer		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Jefferson		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Lewis		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Livingston	1970	BUF – Herbarium # 85043 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Livingston		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Madison		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Monroe	1989	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Monroe	1967	BUF – Herbarium # 85044 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Monroe		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Monroe		BUF – Herbarium # 85051 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Montgomery	2005	FMCC Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Town of Mohawk	8/30/2009 - Connie Tedesco
Montgomery	2005	NYS Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Town of Mohawk	8/30/2009 - Connie Tedesco
Nassau	1990	OBPF – Log_num: 2706 Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Nassau	1949	BUPL Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Nassau		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Niagara	1910	BUF – Herbarium # 85058 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Niagara	1925	BUF – Herbarium # 85042 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Niagara		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Niagara	1976	BUF – Herbarium # 53827 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Niagara	2001	BUF – Herbarium # 77528 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Niagara		BUF – Herbarium # 53828 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Niagara	1986	BUF – Herbarium # 55184 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Niagara	1986	BUF – Herbarium # 56032 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Niagara	1988	BUF – Herbarium # 59875 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Niagara	1985	BUF – Herbarium # 52524 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Niagara	1895	BH Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris ssp. vulgaris	Werier (2017) voucher!; E.C. Townsend s.n.	3/6/2018 - David Werier
Oneida		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Onondaga		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Onondaga	1970	RCFS – accession # 11416 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	11/17/2009 - RCFS (Andy Nelson)
Onondaga	1987	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Ontario	2010	FLH Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris ssp. Vulgaris		3/13/2022 - FLH (Bruce Gilman)
Orange	1990	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Orleans	1972	BUF – Herbarium # 85050 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Orleans	1972	BUF – Herbarium # 85038 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Orleans	1986	BUF – Herbarium # 85037 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Oswego	1985	RCFS – accession # 11417 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	11/17/2009 - RCFS (Andy Nelson)
Oswego	1998	RCFS – accession # 12132 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	11/17/2009 - RCFS (Andy Nelson)
Oswego	1970	RCFS – accession # 10508 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	11/17/2009 - RCFS (Andy Nelson)
Oswego	1968	RCFS – accession # 10559 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	11/17/2009 - RCFS (Andy Nelson)
Oswego		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Otsego	2004	SUCO Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris	Town of Unadilla
Putnam		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Rensselaer		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Rensselaer	1997	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Rensselaer	1998	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Rensselaer	1996	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Rockland	1990	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Schenectady		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Schoharie	1989	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Schoharie		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Schuyler		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
St. Lawrence	2019	BH Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris vulgaris		5/9/2020 - Anne Johnson and Steven Daniel
St. Lawrence		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
St. Lawrence	1993	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Steuben		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Steuben	1968	BUF – Herbarium # 85052 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Suffolk	1992	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Suffolk	1993	OBPF – Log_num: 6430 Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Suffolk		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Suffolk	1991	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Suffolk	1926	BUPL Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Suffolk	1973	OBPF – Log_num: 9998 Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Sullivan		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Tompkins		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Ulster		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Warren	1992	NYS Herbarium Name Used: none Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris
Washington		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Wayne		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Westchester		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Wyoming		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris
Wyoming	1976	BUF – Herbarium # 85056 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Wyoming	1983	BUF – Herbarium # 85046 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris	Identification needs confirmation as the submitted data is different than where this record is place in the Atlas	12/18/2009 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Yates		NYFA_1990 Herbarium Name Used: Prunella vulgaris

Synonyms

No synonyms exist for this species.

No synonyms exist for this species.

Listed Status: New York

Listed Status:	(New York): Rare plants are protected under New York State Environmental Conservation Law section 9-1503. Part (f) which reads as follows: "It is a violation for any person, anywhere in the state to pick, pluck, sever, remove, damage by the application of herbicides or defoliants, or carry away, without the consent of the owner, any protected plant. Each protected plant so picked, plucked, severed, removed, damaged or carried away shall constitute a separate violation." At this time, the Atlas only identifies those species listed as threatened or endangered.
Endangered: 5 or fewer extant sites, or fewer than 1,000 individuals, or restricted to fewer than 4 U.S.G.S. 7 1/2 minute topographical maps, or species listed as endangered by the U. S. Department of Interior, as enumerated in the Code of Federal Regulations 50 CFR 17.11.
Threatened: 6 to fewer than 20 extant sites, or 1,000 to fewer than 3,000 individuals, or restricted to not less than 4 or more than 7 U.S.G.S. 7 1/2 minute topographical maps, or listed as threatened by the U. S. Department of the Interior, as enumerated in the Code of Federal Regulations 50 CFR 17.11.
Rare: 20 to 35 extant sites, or 3,000 to 5,000 individuals statewide.
Exploitably vulnerable:	species which are likely to become threatened in the near future throughout all or a significant portion of their range within the state if causal factors continue unchecked.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

EPPC: Exotic Pest Plant Council

EPPC:

Source - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 2007 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List (NCNE and EMP Regions)

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 2020. National Wetland Plant List, version 3.5 https://wetland-plants.sec.usace.army.mil/nwpl_static/v34/home/home.html U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH.

Indicator status rating definitions according to Lichvar et al. 2012.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland Plants - almost always occur in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland Plants - usually occur in wetlands, but may occur in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative Plants - occur in wetlands and non-wetlands.
FACU:	Facultative Upland Plants - usually occur in non-wetlands, but may occur in wetlands.
UPL:	Upland Plants - almost always occur in uplands.

Wetland indicator status ratings are provided for each of the two regions that exist in NY, the Northcentral and Northeast Region (NCNE) and the Eastern Mountains and Piedmont Region (EMP). See the Atlas guide for further details.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List (NCNE and EMP Regions)

Indicator status rating definitions according to Lichvar et al. 2012.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland Plants - almost always occur in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland Plants - usually occur in wetlands, but may occur in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative Plants - occur in wetlands and non-wetlands.
FACU:	Facultative Upland Plants - usually occur in non-wetlands, but may occur in wetlands.
UPL:	Upland Plants - almost always occur in uplands.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in New York State.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in New York State.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in New York State.
S4 - Apparently secure in New York State.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in New York State.
SE - State exotic or non-native
SH - Historically known from New York State, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked
SX - Apparently extirpated from New York State.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically Imperiled — At very high risk of extinction or elimination due to very restricted range, very few populations or occurrences, very steep declines, very severe threats, or other factors.
G2 - Imperiled — At high risk of extinction or elimination due to restricted range, few populations or occurrences, steep declines, severe threats, or other factors.
G3 - Vulnerable — At moderate risk of extinction or elimination due to a fairly restricted range, relatively few populations or occurrences, recent and widespread declines, threats, or other factors.
G4 - Apparently Secure — At fairly low risk of extinction or elimination due to an extensive range and/or many populations or occurrences, but with possible cause for some concern as a result of local recent declines, threats, or other factors.
G5 - Secure — At very low risk of extinction or elimination due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, and little to no concern from declines or threats.
GH - Possibly Extinct — Known from only historical occurrences but still some hope of rediscovery. Examples of evidence include (1) that a species has not been documented in approximately 20-40 years despite some searching and/or some evidence of significant habitat loss or degradation; (2) that a species has been searched for unsuccessfully, but not thoroughly enough to presume that it is extinct or eliminated throughout its range.
GNA - Not Applicable — A conservation status rank is not applicable because the species is not a suitable target for conservation activities. A global conservation status rank may be not applicable for several reasons, related to its relevance as a conservation target. Typically the species is a hybrid without conservation value, or of domestic origin.
GNR - Global rank not yet assessed.
GX - Presumed Extinct — Not located despite intensive searches and virtually no likelihood of rediscovery.

Filter by County - Counties to Include - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will be found within each of the selected counties.

Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: David Werier or Kyle Webster

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org sites

Citation Information:

Werier, David, Kyle Webster, Troy Weldy, Andrew Nelson, Richard Mitchell†, and Robert Ingalls†. 2024 New York Flora Atlas. [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (original application development), USF Water Institute. University of South Florida]. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Search Help

Select the criterion by which you wish to search (Scientific name, Genus, Family, etc.) and enter that information into the provided field.

Hint: Correct spelling is necessary for desired results, but because this function is a string search the full name need not be entered. Any correct part of a taxon name can be entered and a choice of the correct one made from the small list of resulting matches.

For example, matching the full name exactly in a Scientific Name search for Piptochaetium avenacioides may be difficult, but strings of either tium aven or avenaci or m avenac or pipto will all result in very small lists of matches. The intended name can then be chosen from any of those lists. Usually, the last letter (or two) of a given genus, a space, and the first few correct letters of the specific epithet will provide a sufficiently short list containing the desired taxon.

A similar example in a Common Name search is Virginia snakeroot. Searching using "snake root" will yield no results due to the extra space, but searching "snake" will generate a short list of plants with the word "snake" in the common name. Furthermore, a search of "Virginia snake" or even "nia snak" yields one result: Virginia snakeroot.

If, after following the above advice, then difficulties are still encountered please use the "browse" feature.

Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/) recognized herbaria are represented on this map.

Prunella vulgaris ssp. vulgaris

Related Links

Classification

Citation

Source

Synonyms