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Hypericum canadense

Family:Hypericaceae
Species:Hypericum canadense L.
Common Name:lesser Canadian St. John’s wort
Habitat:**
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Forb/herb
Duration:Annual
Category:Vascular
Plant Notes:**
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native, FACW (NCNE), FACW (EMP), S5 (State Rank), G5 (Global Rank), CoC: 6
References:**

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

SupraordinalEudicots
Order Malpighiales
FamilyHypericaceae
Genus Hypericum
SpeciesHypericum canadense L. - lesser Canadian St. John’s wort

Citation

Citation Hypericum canadense L.
Basionym: **
Type: **

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

CountyYearHerbariaNotesSubmission Info
Albany1934 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Albany1992 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Albany  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Cattaraugus  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Clinton  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Essex1927 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Essex1940 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Essex  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Essex1926 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Essex1938 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Essex1923 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Essex1941 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Essex  NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Essex1932 BH
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
Werier (2017) voucher!; W.C. Muenscher & A.A. Lindsey 3436 3/6/2018 - David Werier
Fulton  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Fulton2007 NYS – 475
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  12/22/2009 - Donna Vogler
Hamilton1952 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Hamilton  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Hamilton1879 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Herkimer  NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Herkimer1919 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Herkimer1997 RCFS – accession # 12868
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  11/17/2009 - RCFS (Andy Nelson)
Herkimer1997 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Herkimer  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Herkimer2008 BING
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  1/18/2020 - BING (Julian Shepherd)
Jefferson  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Kings1868 BKL – BKL00060686
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Kings1889 BKL – BKL00060696
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Kings1889 BKL – BKL00060684
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Montgomery  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Nassau1942 OBPF – Log_num: HH29
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Nassau1916 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Nassau1951 BUPL
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Nassau1929 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Nassau  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Nassau1915 BKL – BKL00060681
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Nassau1901 BKL – BKL00060678
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Nassau1885 BKL – BKL00060639
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Oneida  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Oneida1918 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Oneida1932 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Oneida1917 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Oneida1904 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Orange1991 BKL – BKL00017868
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Orange1990 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Orange2001 BKL – BKL00017182
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Oswego1927 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Oswego  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Putnam  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Putnam1989 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Queens1940 BKL – BKL00060687
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Queens1885 BKL – BKL00060693
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Queens1885 BKL – BKL00060635
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Queens1886 BKL – BKL00060640
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Rensselaer1932 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Rensselaer1996 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Rensselaer1934 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Rensselaer  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Richmond  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Richmond1910 BKL – BKL00060697
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Richmond1920 BKL – BKL00060704
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Richmond1910 BKL – BKL00060700
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Richmond1897 BKL – BKL00060643
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Saratoga  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Saratoga1940 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Schenectady  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Schenectady1941 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Schoharie1883 BKL – BKL00060703
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Seneca1997 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
St. Lawrence1922 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
St. Lawrence  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
St. Lawrence2001 BH
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
  Anne Johnson
St. Lawrence1916 BKL – BKL00060698
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk2008 BKL – BKL00091146
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk2008 BKL – BKL00091509
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1991 BKL – BKL00060682
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1936 BKL – BKL00060706
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1920 BKL – BKL00060694
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1929 BKL – BKL00060132
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1909 BKL – BKL00060279
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1940 BKL – BKL00060689
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk2002 BKL – BKL00022187
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1994 BKL – BKL00060637
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1936 BKL – BKL00060708
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1941 BKL – BKL00060642
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1991 BKL – BKL00060680
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1915 BKL – BKL00060641
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1915 BKL – BKL00060679
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk2009 BKL – BKL00095436
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1989 BKL – BKL00024570
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1871 BKL – BKL00060691
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1920 BKL – BKL00060644
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1915 BKL – BKL00060683
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1932 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1918 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1945 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1973 OBPF – Log_num: 9988
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1991 OBPF – Log_num: 7004
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1962 BKL – BKL00060711
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Suffolk1979 OBPF – Log_num: 8003
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1915 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1948 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1923 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1929 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1909 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1926 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1977 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1941 OBPF – Log_num: 11257
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1946 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1992 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1978 OBPF – Log_num: 8064
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Suffolk1972 OBPF – Log_num: RZ1105
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Sullivan  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Tioga  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Tioga1881 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Ulster  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Ulster1938 BKL – BKL00060276
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Warren  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Warren1927 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Warren1942 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Warren1931 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Hypericum canadense
   
Westchester2001 BKL – BKL00018083
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Westchester2002 BKL – BKL00025746
Herbarium Name Used: Hypericum canadense
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)

Synonyms

No synonyms exist for this species.
Listed Status: New York
Listed Status: (New York): Rare plants are protected under New York State Environmental Conservation Law section 9-1503. Part (f) which reads as follows: "It is a violation for any person, anywhere in the state to pick, pluck, sever, remove, damage by the application of herbicides or defoliants, or carry away, without the consent of the owner, any protected plant. Each protected plant so picked, plucked, severed, removed, damaged or carried away shall constitute a separate violation." At this time, the Atlas only identifies those species listed as threatened or endangered.
Endangered:
  1. 5 or fewer extant sites, or
  2. fewer than 1,000 individuals, or
  3. restricted to fewer than 4 U.S.G.S. 7 1/2 minute topographical maps, or
  4. species listed as endangered by the U. S. Department of Interior, as enumerated in the Code of Federal Regulations 50 CFR 17.11.
Threatened:
  1. 6 to fewer than 20 extant sites, or
  2. 1,000 to fewer than 3,000 individuals, or
  3. restricted to not less than 4 or more than 7 U.S.G.S. 7 1/2 minute topographical maps, or
  4. listed as threatened by the U. S. Department of the Interior, as enumerated in the Code of Federal Regulations 50 CFR 17.11.
Rare:
  1. 20 to 35 extant sites, or
  2. 3,000 to 5,000 individuals statewide.
Exploitably vulnerable: species which are likely to become threatened in the near future throughout all or a significant portion of their range within the state if causal factors continue unchecked.
 
Listed Status: US
Listed Status: US (U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered: Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened: Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
 
WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD: Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D: Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD: Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T: Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U: Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.
  • ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
  • Yes - Show results with WAP designations
  • No - Show results without WAP designations
 
EPPC: Exotic Pest Plant Council
EPPC:

Source - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 2007 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

 
DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL: Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW: Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC: Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.
 
NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL: Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW: Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC: Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU: Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL: Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.
 
NWPL: National Wetland Plant List (NCNE and EMP Regions)

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 2020. National Wetland Plant List, version 3.5 https://wetland-plants.sec.usace.army.mil/nwpl_static/v34/home/home.html U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH.

Indicator status rating definitions according to Lichvar et al. 2012.

OBL: Obligate Wetland Plants - almost always occur in wetlands.
FACW: Facultative Wetland Plants - usually occur in wetlands, but may occur in non-wetlands.
FAC: Facultative Plants - occur in wetlands and non-wetlands.
FACU: Facultative Upland Plants - usually occur in non-wetlands, but may occur in wetlands.
UPL: Upland Plants - almost always occur in uplands.

Wetland indicator status ratings are provided for each of the two regions that exist in NY, the Northcentral and Northeast Region (NCNE) and the Eastern Mountains and Piedmont Region (EMP). See the Atlas guide for further details.

 
NWPL: National Wetland Plant List (NCNE and EMP Regions)

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 2020. National Wetland Plant List, version 3.5 https://wetland-plants.sec.usace.army.mil/nwpl_static/v34/home/home.html U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH.

Indicator status rating definitions according to Lichvar et al. 2012.

OBL: Obligate Wetland Plants - almost always occur in wetlands.
FACW: Facultative Wetland Plants - usually occur in wetlands, but may occur in non-wetlands.
FAC: Facultative Plants - occur in wetlands and non-wetlands.
FACU: Facultative Upland Plants - usually occur in non-wetlands, but may occur in wetlands.
UPL: Upland Plants - almost always occur in uplands.

Wetland indicator status ratings are provided for each of the two regions that exist in NY, the Northcentral and Northeast Region (NCNE) and the Eastern Mountains and Piedmont Region (EMP). See the Atlas guide for further details.

 
Category
Vascular: Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte: A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen: The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

 
State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

  • S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in New York State.
  • S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in New York State.
  • S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in New York State.
  • S4 - Apparently secure in New York State.
  • S5 - Demonstrably secure in New York State.
  • SE - State exotic or non-native
  • SH - Historically known from New York State, but not seen in the past 15 years.
  • SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
  • SNR - Not yet ranked
  • SX - Apparently extirpated from New York State.
 
Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

  • G1 - Critically Imperiled — At very high risk of extinction or elimination due to very restricted range, very few populations or occurrences, very steep declines, very severe threats, or other factors.
  • G2 - Imperiled — At high risk of extinction or elimination due to restricted range, few populations or occurrences, steep declines, severe threats, or other factors.
  • G3 - Vulnerable — At moderate risk of extinction or elimination due to a fairly restricted range, relatively few populations or occurrences, recent and widespread declines, threats, or other factors.
  • G4 - Apparently Secure — At fairly low risk of extinction or elimination due to an extensive range and/or many populations or occurrences, but with possible cause for some concern as a result of local recent declines, threats, or other factors.
  • G5 - Secure — At very low risk of extinction or elimination due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, and little to no concern from declines or threats.
  • GH - Possibly Extinct — Known from only historical occurrences but still some hope of rediscovery.  Examples of evidence include (1) that a species has not been documented in approximately 20-40 years despite some searching and/or some evidence of significant habitat loss or degradation; (2) that a species has been searched for unsuccessfully, but not thoroughly enough to presume that it is extinct or eliminated throughout its range.
  • GNA - Not Applicable — A conservation status rank is not applicable because the species is not a suitable target for conservation activities. A global conservation status rank may be not applicable for several reasons, related to its relevance as a conservation target. Typically the species is a hybrid without conservation value, or of domestic origin.
  • GNR - Global rank not yet assessed.
  • GX - Presumed Extinct — Not located despite intensive searches and virtually no likelihood of rediscovery.
 
Associated Ecological Communities
 
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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/) recognized herbaria are represented on this map.