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Dicentra canadensis

Family:Papaveraceae
Species:Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp.
Common Name:squirrel corn
Habitat:Rich mesic hardwood forests. In deep often calcareous soils and with an adjacent herbaceous flora that is dense and diverse.
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Forb/herb
Duration:Perennial
Category:Vascular
Plant Notes:**
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Native, S5 (State Rank), G5 (Global Rank), CoC: 8
References:**

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

SupraordinalEudicots
Order Ranunculales
FamilyPapaveraceae
Genus Dicentra
SpeciesDicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp. - squirrel corn

Citation

Citation Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp.
Basionym: **
Type: **

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

CountyYearHerbariaNotesSubmission Info
Albany  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Albany1899 BKL – BKL00058218
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Bronx  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Broome2006 BING
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
  1/18/2020 - BING (Julian Shepherd)
Cattaraugus1982 BUF – 55124
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
E. Schrot 7399 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Cattaraugus  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Cattaraugus1973 BUF – 91982
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
S. Yarfitz 29 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Cayuga1915 BH
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
Werier (2017) voucher!; K.M. Wiegand & A.J. Eames 4148 3/6/2018 - David Werier
Cayuga  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Chautauqua  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Chemung  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Chemung1888 BUF – 97030
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
T. Lucy s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Chenango  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Clinton  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Columbia  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Cortland  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Delaware  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Erie  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Erie1898 BUF – 60343
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
O. Auerbach s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1880 BUF – 60333
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
F. Whitwell s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1894 BUF – 60334
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
M. Wilson s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1891 BUF – 60336
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
M. Spencer s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1888 BUF – 60337
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
A. Hayes s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1977 BUF – 79896
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
R. Blasdell s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1932 BUF – 88254
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
M. Slaght s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1940 BUF – 88256
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
J. Carrel s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1941 BUF – 88257
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
B. Maitland s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1932 BUF – 88258
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
N. Mueller s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1921 BUF – 88260
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
M. Cheplowitz s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1941 BUF – 88262
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
J. Polinski s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1921 BUF – 91983
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
F. Johnson 472 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1901 BUF – 91985
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
G. Pratt s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1950 BUF – 91986
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
N. Brosius 787 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1942 BUF – 91987
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
C. Awald s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1987 BUF – 91988
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
J. Battaglia 6-87 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1950 BUF – 93854
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
M. Chase 775 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1895 BUF – 60345
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
O. Hackenheimer s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1881 BUF – 60348
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
E. Porter s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1891 BUF – 60349
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
O. Hauenstein s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1895 BUF – 60350
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
H. Sumner s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1883 BUF – 60352
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
E. Rochester s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1988 BUF – 91979
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
N. Zika s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1974 BUF – 91980
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
R. Zander s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Erie1882 BUF – 91981
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
A. LeBrun s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Essex  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Fulton2007 NYS – 13
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
  12/22/2009 - Donna Vogler
Genesee  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Greene  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Hamilton  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Herkimer2011 HHH – 22979
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
  6/28/2013 - Connie Tedesco
Jefferson1888 BKL – BKL00058222
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Jefferson  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Lewis  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Lewis1993 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Livingston1964 BUF – 91978
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
L. Thurston 11 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Madison  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Monroe  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Montgomery2006 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
Town of Amsterdam 8/30/2009 - Connie Tedesco
Montgomery2006 FMCC
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
Town of Amsterdam 8/30/2009 - Connie Tedesco
Niagara1984 BUF – 52069
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
P. Eckel & R. Zander s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Niagara1898 BUF – 53694
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
J. Cowell s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Niagara1895 BUF – 60340
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
M. Wright s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Niagara1896 BUF – 60341
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
E. Townsend s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Niagara1880 BUF – 60344
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
A. Pease s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Niagara1988 BUF – 59267
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
P. Eckel 881037 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Niagara  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Niagara1991 BUF – 73879
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
N. Zika s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Niagara1888 BUF – 60351
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
A. Chamot s.n. 12/26/2022 - BUF (Ed Fuchs)
Oneida  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Oneida  BKL – BKL00058221
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Oneida  BKL – BKL00058219
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Onondaga  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Otsego  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Rensselaer  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Saratoga  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Schenectady1923 BKL – BKL00058217
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Schoharie1986 CONN
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Schuyler  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Seneca  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
St. Lawrence1991 NYS
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
St. Lawrence  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
St. Lawrence1915 BKL – BKL00058220
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Steuben  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Tioga  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Tompkins  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Ulster  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Ulster2010 BKL – BKL00096344
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Ulster2009 BKL – BKL00092802
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Ulster2009 BKL – BKL00093024
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Washington  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Wayne  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Wayne1871 BKL – BKL00058224
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Wayne  BKL – BKL00058223
Herbarium Name Used: Dicentra canadensis
  2/8/2012 - BKL (Steve Glenn)
Wyoming  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   
Yates  NYFA_1990
Herbarium Name Used: none Dicentra canadensis
   

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymTypeNotes
Capnorchis canadensis Capnorchis canadensis (Goldie) Kuntze   
Listed Status: New York
Listed Status: (New York): Rare plants are protected under New York State Environmental Conservation Law section 9-1503. Part (f) which reads as follows: "It is a violation for any person, anywhere in the state to pick, pluck, sever, remove, damage by the application of herbicides or defoliants, or carry away, without the consent of the owner, any protected plant. Each protected plant so picked, plucked, severed, removed, damaged or carried away shall constitute a separate violation." At this time, the Atlas only identifies those species listed as threatened or endangered.
Endangered:
  1. 5 or fewer extant sites, or
  2. fewer than 1,000 individuals, or
  3. restricted to fewer than 4 U.S.G.S. 7 1/2 minute topographical maps, or
  4. species listed as endangered by the U. S. Department of Interior, as enumerated in the Code of Federal Regulations 50 CFR 17.11.
Threatened:
  1. 6 to fewer than 20 extant sites, or
  2. 1,000 to fewer than 3,000 individuals, or
  3. restricted to not less than 4 or more than 7 U.S.G.S. 7 1/2 minute topographical maps, or
  4. listed as threatened by the U. S. Department of the Interior, as enumerated in the Code of Federal Regulations 50 CFR 17.11.
Rare:
  1. 20 to 35 extant sites, or
  2. 3,000 to 5,000 individuals statewide.
Exploitably vulnerable: species which are likely to become threatened in the near future throughout all or a significant portion of their range within the state if causal factors continue unchecked.
 
Listed Status: US
Listed Status: US (U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered: Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened: Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
 
WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD: Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D: Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD: Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T: Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U: Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.
  • ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
  • Yes - Show results with WAP designations
  • No - Show results without WAP designations
 
EPPC: Exotic Pest Plant Council
EPPC:

Source - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 2007 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

 
DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL: Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW: Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC: Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.
 
NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL: Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW: Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC: Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU: Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL: Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.
 
NWPL: National Wetland Plant List (NCNE and EMP Regions)

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 2020. National Wetland Plant List, version 3.5 https://wetland-plants.sec.usace.army.mil/nwpl_static/v34/home/home.html U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH.

Indicator status rating definitions according to Lichvar et al. 2012.

OBL: Obligate Wetland Plants - almost always occur in wetlands.
FACW: Facultative Wetland Plants - usually occur in wetlands, but may occur in non-wetlands.
FAC: Facultative Plants - occur in wetlands and non-wetlands.
FACU: Facultative Upland Plants - usually occur in non-wetlands, but may occur in wetlands.
UPL: Upland Plants - almost always occur in uplands.

Wetland indicator status ratings are provided for each of the two regions that exist in NY, the Northcentral and Northeast Region (NCNE) and the Eastern Mountains and Piedmont Region (EMP). See the Atlas guide for further details.

 
NWPL: National Wetland Plant List (NCNE and EMP Regions)

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 2020. National Wetland Plant List, version 3.5 https://wetland-plants.sec.usace.army.mil/nwpl_static/v34/home/home.html U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH.

Indicator status rating definitions according to Lichvar et al. 2012.

OBL: Obligate Wetland Plants - almost always occur in wetlands.
FACW: Facultative Wetland Plants - usually occur in wetlands, but may occur in non-wetlands.
FAC: Facultative Plants - occur in wetlands and non-wetlands.
FACU: Facultative Upland Plants - usually occur in non-wetlands, but may occur in wetlands.
UPL: Upland Plants - almost always occur in uplands.

Wetland indicator status ratings are provided for each of the two regions that exist in NY, the Northcentral and Northeast Region (NCNE) and the Eastern Mountains and Piedmont Region (EMP). See the Atlas guide for further details.

 
Category
Vascular: Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte: A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen: The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

 
State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

  • S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in New York State.
  • S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in New York State.
  • S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in New York State.
  • S4 - Apparently secure in New York State.
  • S5 - Demonstrably secure in New York State.
  • SE - State exotic or non-native
  • SH - Historically known from New York State, but not seen in the past 15 years.
  • SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
  • SNR - Not yet ranked
  • SX - Apparently extirpated from New York State.
 
Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

  • G1 - Critically Imperiled — At very high risk of extinction or elimination due to very restricted range, very few populations or occurrences, very steep declines, very severe threats, or other factors.
  • G2 - Imperiled — At high risk of extinction or elimination due to restricted range, few populations or occurrences, steep declines, severe threats, or other factors.
  • G3 - Vulnerable — At moderate risk of extinction or elimination due to a fairly restricted range, relatively few populations or occurrences, recent and widespread declines, threats, or other factors.
  • G4 - Apparently Secure — At fairly low risk of extinction or elimination due to an extensive range and/or many populations or occurrences, but with possible cause for some concern as a result of local recent declines, threats, or other factors.
  • G5 - Secure — At very low risk of extinction or elimination due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, and little to no concern from declines or threats.
  • GH - Possibly Extinct — Known from only historical occurrences but still some hope of rediscovery.  Examples of evidence include (1) that a species has not been documented in approximately 20-40 years despite some searching and/or some evidence of significant habitat loss or degradation; (2) that a species has been searched for unsuccessfully, but not thoroughly enough to presume that it is extinct or eliminated throughout its range.
  • GNA - Not Applicable — A conservation status rank is not applicable because the species is not a suitable target for conservation activities. A global conservation status rank may be not applicable for several reasons, related to its relevance as a conservation target. Typically the species is a hybrid without conservation value, or of domestic origin.
  • GNR - Global rank not yet assessed.
  • GX - Presumed Extinct — Not located despite intensive searches and virtually no likelihood of rediscovery.
 
Associated Ecological Communities
 
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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/) recognized herbaria are represented on this map.